DIET PLANNING

• Low calorie, low-fat low sodium diet with normal protein intake is prescribed
• If the patient is obese calories should be reduced to maintain IBW
• Adequate protein is given but during severe HTN protein is restricted because protein-rich foods are rich in sodium as well
• For a normal-weight patient 15% of calories are supplied from fat and for an obese patient 10% of calories are taken up from fat sources
• MUFA-rich diet helps to control BP
• Minerals and electrolytes are very important
• NA should be restricted
• Table salt should be avoided and healthy salt alternatives should be used like rock salt, black salt, pink salt, and sendha namak
• Potassium-rich foods should be taken to increase the Na: K ratio
• Calcium should be taken 800-1200 mg which reduces BP
• Magnesium should be taken as it is a cardio-protective mineral. It helps to retain the muscle integrity of cardiac muscles

Foods To Be Avoided

• Table salt
• Pickles
• Canned foods
• Potato chips
• Ketchup, sauces
• Jams, jellies
• Cheese, salted butter
• Frozen preserved foods
• Shellfish, dry fish
• Baking powder, baking soda, Ajinomoto
• Animal or hydrogenated fats
• Radish, carrots, beetroot, spinach

Foods To be Taken

• LoNa
• Coriander leaves
• Sweet lime (Mausambi), pomegranate
• Nuts and oilseeds – walnuts
• Cereals
• Pulses
• Soups homemade with vegetables
• Cold-pressed or wood-pressed oils
• Complex crabs
• Good quality proteins
• Mufa and puff sources

LoNa Calculations

Total Na in the diet= 2400 mg
Dietary Na= 500 mg (approx)
Therefore, 2400-500= 2100 mg Na

1050 mg LoNa 1050 mg NaCl

Therefore, 100 gm LoNa gives = 20000 mg Na
So how many grams of LoNa gives 1050 mg Na
= 5.25 gm LoNa
Also, 5.25 gm LoNa gives 840 mg of potassium
100 gm common salt = 38400 mg Na
Therefore, 1050 mg of Na will be given by 2.73 gm of common salt

PLANNING OF DIET

NORMAL RDA

• Energy –1800 kcal
• Protein –50 gm
• Fat-20-49 gm
• Fiber –20 -30 gm
• Calcium –1000 mg
• Iron –28 mg
• Magnesium –500 mg
• Sodium –2400 mg
• Potassium –3600 mg

MODIFIED RDA

• Energy –1300 kcal
• Protein –50 gm
• Fat-30 gm
• Fiber –20 -30 gm
• Calcium –800-1200 mg
• Iron –28 mg
• Magnesium –500 mg
• Sodium –2000 mg
• Potassium –> 3600 mg

SAMPLE DIET PLAN

EARLY MORNING

Lemon water
Or wheat grass powder in warm water 200 ml
Or tulsi water

After 15 minutes
Or Pre work out

5 almonds + 2 walnuts
banana/orange

BREAKFAST

2 besan cheela/ suji cheela or oats cheela
Or oats nuts smoothie in curd or yogurt

LUNCH

Salad with roasted cumin powder and lemon juice
2 multi-grain chapatti
1 bowl vegetable
1 bowl dal

EVENING SNACK

Green tea and a fruit
Bowl roasted chana

DINNER

Salad or soup bowl
Rice dal
Veg pulao
Chapatti with vegetable

Bedtime

Cinnamon water/ warm water/ lemon water

CVD-Points to remember while planning diet

• Patient should maintain slightly low to normal weight
• Diet should be rich in fiber
• 5 servings of fruits and vegetables should be included in the diet not only to meet the requirements but also to provide antioxidants and fiber
• Heavy meals should be avoided
• Small and frequent meals are preferred
• Use of cold-pressed, wood-pressed, olive oil, and MUFA-rich oil is preferred
• Alcohol intake should be limited
• Sodium should be restricted
• Excess caffeine in the diet increases the heart rate, so tea coffee should be taken in moderation
• Foods with hypo cholesterolemia effect should be taken like garlic, onion, fenugreek, etc
• Avoid trans fats and SFA
• Avoid too high sources of energy in the diet

Foods to be taken

• Skim milk
• Raw salads, green leafy vegetables, whole grains
• Fish
• Almonds
• Soybean
• Fenugreek
• Onion, garlic, turmeric
• Oats
• Red wine
• Palm oil. Fish oil, olive oil

Foods to be avoided

• Packaged processed foods
• High-sodium foods
• Sugary foods
• Whole milk
• Chocolates, cakes, pastries
• Fried foods carbohydrate beverages
• Egg yolk
• Coconut
• Meat pork

PLANNING OF DIET

NORMAL RDA

• Energy –2000 kcal
• Protein –60 gm
• Fat-20-49 gm
• Fiber –20 -30 gm
• Calcium –1000 mg
• Iron –28 mg
• Magnesium –500 mg
• Sodium –2400 mg
• Potassium –3600 mg

MODIFIED RDA

• Energy –1500 kcal 25kcal/kg body weight
• Protein –60 gm
• Fat-30 gm
• Fiber –20 -30 gm
• Calcium –800-1200 mg
• Iron –28 mg
• Magnesium –500 mg
• Sodium –2000 mg
• Potassium –> 3600 mg

SAMPLE DIET PLAN

EARLY MORNING

Lemon water
Or wheat grass powder in warm water 200 ml
Or moringa water

After 15 minutes
Or Pre work out

5 almonds + 2 walnuts
banana/orange

BREAKFAST

Veg poha with peanuts and kadhi patta
And a fruit ( after some time )

Mid-morning

Seasonal fruit with a tsp of seeds

LUNCH

Salad with roasted cumin powder and lemon juice
Fish 40 grams
Chapatti –2

EVENING SNACK

Green tea and a fruit
Veg roll
Buttermilk with roasted cumin powder

DINNER

Salad or soup bowl
Dal pakwaan
Chutney
Cucumber raita

Bedtime

Cinnamon water/ warm water/ lemon water

Do’s And Don’ts For Patients

• Avoid long gaps between the meals
• Focus on smaller portions of the meals
• Include salads and 2 fruits in a day to make sure we have enough fiber in the diet to avoid constipation which usually happens during weight loss
• Mindful eating is the key to losing weight
• Deep breathing is the secret to weight loss and detoxification-do 20 cycles a day

On The Days Of Going Out For Dinner

• Avoid carbonated drinks and sugary drinks
• Have loads of salads, roasted peanuts, grilled, tandoori paneer/ chaap
• Drink lemon water before sleep and the next day 3 times a day

Follow GPRS rule

G= grilled foods like grilled paneer
P= pouched paneer
R= roasted kababs, veggies, cutlets
S= stir fry Vegas, steamed foods, soups, salads

Low Sodium Foods

Vegetables and Fruits

• Buy plenty of vegetables and fruits, like:
• Any fresh fruits, like apples, oranges, or bananas
• Any fresh vegetables, like spinach, carrots, or broccoli
• Frozen vegetables without added butter or sauce
• Canned vegetables that are low in sodium or have no salt added —you can rinse them off to remove some of the sodium
• Low-sodium vegetable juice

Whole Grains

• Compare labels to find products with less sodium. Look for foods with a 5% Daily Value (DV) or less for sodium. A DV of 20% or more is high.
• Here are some good options to try:
• Whole grains like brown or wild rice, quinoa, or barley
• Whole-wheat or whole-grain pasta and couscous —just don’t add salt to the water when you cook it
• Whole-grain hot or cold breakfast cereals with no added sugars, like oatmeal or shredded wheat
• Unsalted popcorn or low-sodium chips and pretzels
• Whole-grain bread, bagels, English muffins, tortillas, and crackers

Low sodium foods

Proteins

• Choose fresh or frozen seafood, poultry, and meats instead of processed options. Some meat, poultry, and seafood have added sodium. If the package has a Nutrition Facts label, look for 5% DV or less.

Choose options like:

• Fresh or frozen fish or shellfish
• Chicken or turkey breast without skin or marinade
• Lean cuts of beef or pork
• Unsalted nuts and seeds
• Dried beans, peas, and lentils —like black beans and garbanzo beans (chickpeas)

Dairy

• Choose fat-free or low-fat dairy products, lactose-free dairy products, or fortified soy alternatives like:
• Fat-free or low-fat (1%) milk
• Fat-free or low-fat plain yogurt
• Low-sodium or reduced-sodium cheese —be sure to check the label since cheese can be high in sodium
• Soy milk or soy yogurt with added calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin D

Low sodium foods

Dressings, Oils, and Condiments

• When you cook, use ingredients that are low in sodium or have no sodium at all —for example:
• Unsalted margarine and spreads (soft, tub, or liquid) with less saturated fat than butter
• Vegetable oils (canola, corn, olive, peanut, safflower, soybean, or sunflower)
• Low-sodium salad dressing —or oil and vinegar
• Low-sodium or “no salt added” ketchup
• Low-sodium salsa or Picante sauce

Seasonings

• Try these seasonings instead of salt to flavor your food:
• Herbs, spices, or salt-free seasoning blends
• Chopped vegetables —like garlic, onions, and peppers
• Lemon and lime juice
• Ginger